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What protocol should I use for Nucleofection® of patient derived blood samples, e.g. leukemia or lymphoma cells?

Unfortunately, we do not have a ready-to-use protocol for Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or other blood cell derived cancer cells. The cells often have a chromosomal aberration and show the properties of a cell line. Therefore we suggest to...

At which time point after Nucleofection® should I start selection of stable integration?

Antibiotics for selection should be added 24-48 h after Nucleofection®.

How often should I change the medium during selection of stable clones after Nucleofection®?

The culture medium should be changed every 2-3 days during the selection process.This eliminates potentially toxic substances produced by dying cells and secondly, it keeps the concentration of the antibiotic at a constant level.

How many stable clones will I get from one transfection?

This depends on the respective cell type (transfection efficiency, viability and integration frequency). If it is important to you to know the frequency of stable integrants before carrying out your actual experiments, the frequency should be...

Following Nucleofection®, I cannot obtain stable clones from single cells. What could be the reason?

Some cell lines need certain cell densities to proliferate. For those cells you can try using conditioned medium for setting up limiting dilution or culturing single cells together with feeder cells.

What is the function of retinoic acid in the BEGM® media? 

In vivo, bronchial epithelial cells differentiate along an abnormal squamous pathway under conditions of retinoid deficiency. The squamous phenotype is characterized by the induction of specific markers such as keratin 13, and the enzymes...

What antibiotic concentration should I use for selecting stable transfectants?

We highly recommend to perform a titration for G418 in a range of 0,1 mg/ml to 1,5 mg/ml; in serum-free culture expand range down to 20 µg/ml).Choose the concentration which is 0,1 or 0,2 mg/ml above the one which shows complete cell death as...

How much DNA should I use in my Nucleofection® Reaction to obtain stable clones?

You should use the amount of DNA recommended in the optimized protocol for transient transfection. If obtaining a very high number of clones is important for your experiments, you can try increasing the amount of DNA. For further tips see our...

My suspension-adapted HEK293 (or CHO) cells tend to clump in culture. How can I avoid this?

Efficient protein production experiments require growth of the host cell in single-cell suspension, something that is sometimes difficult to achieve since most established cell lines retain their adherent growth characteristics. Commercially...

What are mycoplasmas?

Mycoplasmas belong to the family Mollicutes, which includes Acholeplasma, Ureaplasma and other species.However the term "Mycoplasma" is most often used as a "cover-all".More than 180 species have been identified of which 20 distinct Mycoplasma...
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