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DNA-purity and Nucleofection®: Can low A260:A280 ratios lead to both reduced transfection efficiency and cell viability?

Yes. To check the quality of your DNA we strongly recommend determining the A260:A280 ratio. It should be ideally 1.8 - 2.0 for a good DNA preparation, but least 1.6.

Can nicked DNA lead to reduced transfection efficiency in Nucleofection® experiments?

Yes. You should verify the integrity of your DNA on an agarose gel to see if it is degraded. Compare undigested plasmid to plasmid DNA digested with a suitable single cut restriction enzyme to linearize. Supercoiled plasmid will run faster than...

Why do plasmids which contain IRES sequences often have lower transfection efficiency?

In general, there is not a problem using IRES plasmids with Nucleofection®, with one important caveat. The levels of expressed protein for the first and second genes will not be identical, and this can create problems with analysis and interpretation...

What protocol should I use for Nucleofection® of patient derived blood samples, e.g. leukemia or lymphoma cells?

Unfortunately, we do not have a ready-to-use protocol for Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or other blood cell derived cancer cells. The cells often have a chromosomal aberration and show the properties of a cell line. Therefore we suggest to...

Why do plasmids that contain LTR sequences often have lower transfection efficiency?

In general, successful Nucleofection® is vector independent, with one important caveat. Some expression plasmids utilize promoters and enhancers obtained from the Long Terminal Repeats (LTR's) of retroviruses, and when these expression plasmids are...

My suspension-adapted HEK293 (or CHO) cells tend to clump in culture. How can I avoid this?

Efficient protein production experiments require growth of the host cell in single-cell suspension, something that is sometimes difficult to achieve since most established cell lines retain their adherent growth characteristics. Commercially...

Do you have data about the in vivo implantation of hepatocytes transfected by Nucleofection™? For how long could protein expression be detected?

There is a publication reporting on the successful reinjection of modified hepatocytes into mice.Chen et al. were able to monitor the expression over several days. This group worked with a preliminary test solution for mouse hepatocyte as the...

How can I improve Human Hepatocyte viability post Nucleofection™ on the 96-well Shuttle™ device?

In addition to proper cell handling and using culture media optimized for long term culturing of hepatocytes (Lonza Basal medium supplemented with BulletKit), we recommend separating the healthy hepatocytes from the dead cells and debris in the...

Are rat and mouse hepatocytes transfected by Nucleofection® still functional?

Yes, transfected mouse hepatocytes show albumin synthesis rates comparable to those of untransfected cells. Moreover the morphology and polarization of rat hepatocytes is not affected by Nucleofection®.

Is it more difficult to detect DsRed by FACS than GFP?

Yes, DsRed is much less bright than GFP and is more difficult to detect by FACS and microscopy because it bleaches quickly.
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