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What is the lowest amount of DNA which can be used for transfection? Do I need a DNA carrier for low DNA amounts?

The recommended amount of DNA per 100 µl reaction is 0.5µg-5 µg. No carrier is needed.

What are the requirements for direct Nucleofection® of mRNA for protein expression?

The mRNA should be capped and polyadenylated. The conditions of Nucleofection® will be the same as for DNA with the particular cell type, i.e. follow the same protocol and use the same program, except one will likely need to add a much higher...

Can I use larger cuvettes for my Nucleofection Reaction ? Can I use the cuvettes more than once?

No. The electrical parameters provided by the Nucleofector™ Device are optimized for the cuvettes contained in the Nucleofector™ Kits. The cuvettes are single-use only. Using the cuvettes more than once will result in higher cell death and lower...

If I use Miltenyi paramagnetic beads for positive selection of cells, i.e. beads remain on the cell surface, does that influence Nucleofection® results?

No, it seems that the beads bound to the cell surface do not have any influence on Nucleofection®. Larger magnetic beads (i.e. > 1µm) may disturb the Nucleofection® process and negatively influence cell viability and efficiency.

Is it more difficult to detect DsRed by FACS than GFP?

Yes, DsRed is much less bright than GFP and is more difficult to detect by FACS and microscopy because it bleaches quickly.

What is the proof that DNA enters the nucleus during Nucleofection?

There are two facts that prove that the DNA is directly transported into the nucleus: 1.) Using the Nucleofector™ Technology, transfection of non-dividing cells is possible. With conventional non-viral transfection methods cell division is a...

How can I remove the cells from the 100 uL Nucleocuvette® Vessel after Nucleofection®? Is there any alternative?

We recommend using the plastic single use pipettes provided in the kits. These pipettes prevent any damage to the cells and ensure a good cell recovery.

Can I use the pmaxGFP control plasmid with insect cells such as S2 cells or SF9 cells?

The pmaxGFP™ Vector provided in our Nucleofector® Kits is not expressed in insect cells. We strongly recommend an insect expression vector encoding a fluorescent protein or lacZ reporter as a positive control for your experiments [e.g. Novagen™’s...

What antibodies can be used against the GFP produced by pmaxGFP and pmaxFP-Green vectors? What antibodies can be used to detect denatured GFP? What antibodies can be used to detect the RFP expressed by pmaxFP-Red?

Most of the commercial antibodies for GFP do not detect GFP expressed from pmaxGFP or pmaxFP-Green vectors. The origin of the protein expressed by the pmaxGFP control plasmid and pmaxFP-Green is from the green fluorescent protein CopGFP, cloned from...

Do you have any information regarding differentiation of mouse ES cells after Nucleofection® with large plasmids?

It is unlikely that plasmid size would affect in vitro differentiation capability. Gene targeting constructs are often as large as 20 kb and if treated well the ES cells are perfectly capable of generating germ line chimaeras afterwards (indicating...
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