Modeling the Effects of Protracted Cosmic Radiation in a Human Organ-on-Chip Platform

Authors:
Daniel Naveed Tavakol , Trevor R Nash , Youngbin Kim  Pamela L Graney , Martin Liberman , Sharon Fleischer , Roberta I Lock , Aaron O'Donnell , Leah Andrews , Derek Ning , Keith Yeager , Andrew Harken , Naresh Deoli , Sally A Amundson , Guy Garty , Kam W Leong , David J Brenner , Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic 
In:
Source:
Publication Date: (2024)
Issue: :
Cells used in publication:
Endothelial, umbilical vein, human (HUVEC)
Species: human
Tissue Origin: vein
Hepatocyte, human
Species: human
Tissue Origin: liver
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPS), human
Species: human
Tissue Origin:
Fibroblast, aortic adventitial, human
Species: human
Tissue Origin: aortic
Experiment

Engineering and Maturation of Cardiac Tissues

Cardiac tissues were made using our established protocol.[25] Differentiated iPSC-CMs were mixed with supporting primary human cardiac fibroblasts (NHCF-V; Lonza, CC-2904) in a 3:1 ratio and resuspended in RPMI-B27 (RPMI 1640 basal medium supplemented with l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate and B27)....etc

Derivation of Bone Marrow Component Cells

iPSCs (WTC-11 line) were derived as previously described using the STEMdiff Mesenchymal Progenitor Kit (Stem Cell Technologies, 05240), expanded, and frozen.[24] Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; Lonza, C2519A) were expanded according to the manufacturer's instructions...etc

Engineering of Liver Tissues

iPSC-derived human hepatocytes were purchased from Cellular Dynamics (iHeps 2.0; CDI, R1027). Using an AggreWell plate with 400 µm microwells (Stem Cell Technologies, 34411), hepatocytes, and primary human dermal fibroblasts (Lonza) were mixed at a 1:1 ratio for the formation of liver spheroids, as previously described.[1955] Spheroids were cultured in a hepatocyte culture medium (Lonza, CC-3198) for two days in the AggreWell plates.

Engineering and Maturation of the Endothelial Barrier

Endothelial mesh inserts made of polyester (PET) with 8 µm pore size were incubated in 70% ethanol overnight and washed three times in 1X PBS prior to use. Barriers were flipped upside down and incubated with 10 µg/mL human fibronectin (Corning, 356008) for 1 h prior to cell seeding, and washed twice with PBS. 400,000 HUVECs and 100,000 BM-MSCs (ATCC, PCS-500-012) were seeded onto the inserts and incubated for 1.5–2 h in 50 µL of EGM-2 media (Lonza, CC-3162) at 37 °C in a humidified incubator at 5% CO2

Abstract

Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) is one of the most serious risks posed to astronauts during missions to the Moon and Mars. Experimental models capable of recapitulating human physiology are critical to understanding the effects of radiation on human organs and developing radioprotective measures against space travel exposures. The effects of systemic radiation are studied using a multi-organ-on-a-chip (multi-OoC) platform containing engineered tissue models of human bone marrow (site of hematopoiesis and acute radiation damage), cardiac muscle (site of chronic radiation damage) and liver (site of metabolism), linked by vascular circulation with an endothelial barrier separating individual tissue chambers from the vascular perfusate. Following protracted neutron radiation, the most damaging radiation component in deep space, a greater deviation of tissue function is observed as compared to the same cumulative dose delivered acutely. Further, by characterizing engineered bone marrow (eBM)-derived immune cells in circulation, 58 unique genes specific to the effects of protracted neutron dosing are identified, as compared to acutely irradiated and healthy tissues. It propose that this bioengineered platform allows studies of human responses to extended radiation exposure in an "astronaut-on-a-chip" model that can inform measures for mitigating cosmic radiation injury.