- To test endothelial cell function, human neonatal microvascular endothelial cells (Lonza, Walkersville, MD) or human iPSC-VECs (iCell Endothelial Cells) (Cellular Dynamics, Fujifilm, Madison, WI) in culture (2D) and assembled vasculature of liver scaffolds were incubated in EBM PLUS Basal Medium supplemented with EGM-2 SingleQuots Kit (Lonza, Walkersville, MD) for human neonatal microvascular endothelial cells.

- Reprograming of fetal fibroblasts was performed using episomal plasmids vectors adapted from a previously described protocol (Okita et al., 2011). Briefly, for each nucleofection, 1 million cells were resuspended in 100 uL of the Amaxa TM NHDF Nucleofector kit (Lonza, Walkersville, MD), containing 3 ug of each of the four episomal plasmids vectors encoding OCT3/4 and p53 shRNA, SOX2 and KLF4, L-MYC and LIN28, and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) (Addgene, Boston, MA). Cells were nucleofected using the Amaxa 4D-Nucleofector (Lonza, Walkersville, MD) and plated in mTeSR1TM on human embryonic stem cell–qualified Matrigel (Corning, New York, NY)-coated plates.

- HCM bulletkit components were used in iPSC derived hepatocytes maturation stages.