A novel method using blinatumomab for efficient, clinical-grade expansion of polyclonal T cells for adoptive immunotherapy.

Authors:
Golay J, D'Amico A, Borleri G, Bonzi M, Valgardsdottir R, Alzani R, Cribioli S, Albanese C, Pesenti E, Finazzi MC, Quaresmini G, Nagorsen D, Introna M, Rambaldi A.
In:
Source: J Immunol
Publication Date: (2014)
Issue: 139(9): 4739-47
Research Area:
Cancer Research/Cell Biology
Immunotherapy / Hematology
Culture Media:
Experiment

To expand T cells, freshly isolated PBMC from CLL patients were plated at 3x10exp6/ml in serum-free X-VIVO15 medium containing 10 ng/ml blinatumomab and 500 IU/ml rhIL-2 Cells were expanded to a concentration of 1x106/ml in fresh medium containing both blinatumomab and rhIL-2, as above, until complete disappearance of the B cells, after which only rhIL-2 was added. Cell products obtained after 18–24 d of culture were called blinatumomab-expanded T cells (BET).

Abstract

Current treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients often results in life-threatening immunosuppression. Furthermore, CLL is still an incurable disease due to the persistence of residual leukemic cells. These patients may therefore benefit from immunotherapy approaches aimed at immunoreconstitution and/or the elimination of residual disease following chemotherapy. For these purposes, we designed a simple GMP-compliant protocol for ex vivo expansion of normal T cells from CLL patients' peripheral blood for adoptive therapy, using bispecific Ab blinatumomab (CD3 × CD19), acting both as T cell stimulator and CLL depletion agent, and human rIL-2. Starting from only 10 ml CLL peripheral blood, a mean 515 × 10(6) CD3(+) T cells were expanded in 3 wk. The resulting blinatumomab-expanded T cells (BET) were polyclonal CD4(+) and CD8(+) and mostly effector and central memory cells. The Th1 subset was slightly prevalent over Th2, whereas Th17 and T regulatory cells were <1%. CMV-specific clones were detected in equivalent proportion before and after expansion. Interestingly, BET cells had normalized expression of the synapse inhibitors CD272 and CD279 compared with starting T cells and were cytotoxic against CD19(+) targets in presence of blinatumomab in vitro. In support of their functional capacity, we observed that BET, in combination with blinatumomab, had significant therapeutic activity in a systemic human diffuse large B lymphoma model in NOD-SCID mice. We propose BET as a therapeutic tool for immunoreconstitution of heavily immunosuppressed CLL patients and, in combination with bispecific Ab, as antitumor immunotherapy.