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The molecular mechanisms underlying the proinflammatory actions of thiazolidinediones in human macrophages

It is hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) may explain the protective effect of these receptors in diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer and other inflammatory diseases. However, emerging...

Authors: Hall JM, McDonnell DP

Microphthalmia transcription factor isoforms in mast cells and the heart

The microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf) is critical for the survival and differentiation of a variety of cell types. While on the transcript level it has been noted that melanocytes and cardiomyocytes express specific Mitf isoforms, mast cells...

Authors: Tshori S, Sonnenblick A, Yannay-Cohen N, Kay G, Nechushtan H, Razin E

The lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 receptor costimulates plasma membrane Ras via phospholipase D2

Ras activation as a consequence of antigen receptor (T-cell receptor; TCR) engagement on T lymphocytes is required for T-cell development, selection and function. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) mediates lymphocyte adhesion,...

Authors: Mor A, Campi G, Du G, Zheng Y, Foster DA, Dustin ML, Philips MR

In macrophages, HIV-1 assembles into an intracellular plasma membrane domain containing the tetraspanins CD81, CD9, and CD53

In macrophages, HIV-1 has been shown to bud into intracellular structures that contain the late endosome marker CD63. We show that these organelles are not endosomes, but an internally sequestered plasma membrane domain. Using immunofluorescence...

Authors: Deneka M, Pelchen-Matthews A, Byland R, Ruiz-Mateos E, Marsh M

Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase CK2 reverts the multidrug resistance phenotype of a CEM cell line characterized by high CK2 level

Protein kinase CK2 is an ubiquitous and constitutively active kinase, which phosphorylates many cellular proteins and is implicated in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and transformation. We investigated its possible involvement in the...

Authors: Di Maira G, Brustolon F, Bertacchini J, Tosoni K, Marmiroli S, Pinna LA, Ruzzene M

ADAM-17 expression in breast cancer correlates with variables of tumor progression

The ADAMs are a family of membrane proteins possessing a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. One of their main functions is shedding of membrane proteins. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ADAM-17 (also known as tumor necrosis...

Authors: McGowan PM, Ryan BM, Hill AD, McDermott E, O'higgins N, Duffy MJ

Neurotrophin activation of NFAT-dependent transcription contributes to the regulation of pro-nociceptive genes

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play key roles in the development of inflammation-induced hyperalgesia by triggering the expression of pro-nociceptive genes within primary afferent and spinal neurons. However,...

Authors: Groth RD, Coicou LG, Mermelstein PG, Seybold VS

Production of Specific mRNA Transcripts, Usage of an Alternate Promoter, and Octamer-Binding Transcription Factors Influence the Surface Expression Levels of the HIV Coreceptor CCR5 on Primary T Cells

Surface levels of CCR5 on memory CD4(+) T cells influence HIV-1/AIDS susceptibility. Alternative promoter usage results in the generation of CCR5 mRNA isoforms that differ based on whether they contain or lack the untranslated exon 1. The impact of...

Authors: Mummidi S, Adams LM, Vancompernolle SE, Kalkonde M, Camargo JF, Kulkarni H, Bellinger AS, Bonello G,...

Cross-regulation of carbon monoxide and the adenosine a2a receptor in macrophages

Adenosine and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions, making them crucial regulatory molecules. Despite the diversity in their modes of action, the similarity of biological effects of adenosine...

Authors: Haschemi A, Wagner O, Marculescu R, Wegiel B, Robson SC, Gagliani N, Gallo D, Chen JF, Bach FH,...

Negative elongation factor, NELF, represses human immunodeficiency virus transcription by pausing the RNA polymerase II complex

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transcription requires virally encoded Tat and the P-TEFb protein complex, which together associate with the Tat-activating region, a structured region in the nascent transcript. P-TEFb phosphorylates Proteins in...

Authors: Zhang Z, Klatt A, Gilmour DS, Henderson AJ

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