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Staphylococcus aureus activates type I IFN signaling in mice and humans through the Xr repeated sequences of protein A

The activation of type I IFN signaling is a major component of host defense against viral infection, but it is not typically associated with immune responses to extracellular bacterial pathogens. Using mouse and human airway epithelial cells, we have...

Authors: Martin FJ, Gomez MI, Wetzel DM, Memmi G, O\'Seaghdha M, Soong G, Schindler C, Prince A

Antidepressant fluoxetine suppresses neuronal growth from both vertebrate and invertebrate neurons and perturbs synapse formation between Lymnaea neurons

Current treatment regimes for a variety of mental disorders involve various selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as Fluoxetine (Prozac). Although these drugs may 'manage' the patient better, there has not been a significant change in the...

Authors: Xu F, Luk C, Richard MP, Zaidi W, Farkas S, Getz A, Lee A, van Minnen J, Syed NI.

Phosphorylation and activation of cell division cycle associated 5 by mitogen-activated protein kinase play a crucial role in human lung carcinogenesis.

We analyzed the gene expression profiles of clinical lung carcinomas using a cDNA microarray containing 27,648 genes or expressed sequence tags, and identified CDCA5 (cell division cycle associated 5) to be upregulated in the majority of lung...

Authors: Nguyen MH, Koinuma J, Ueda K, Ito T, Tsuchiya E, Nakamura Y, Daigo Y.

The brain-specific factor FEZ1 is a determinant of neuronal susceptibility to HIV-1 infection

Neurons are one of the few cell types in the human body that do not support HIV type-1 (HIV-1) replication. Although the lack of key receptors is a major obstacle to infection, studies suggest that additional functions inhibit virus replication to...

Authors: Haedicke J, Brown C, Naghavi MH.

Induction of human ß-defensin-2 in pulmonary epithelial cells by Legionella pneumophila: involvement of TLR2 and TLR5, p38 MAPK, JNK, NF-?B, and AP-1

Legionella pneumophila is an important causative agent of severe pneumonia in humans. Human alveolar epithelium is an effective barrier for inhaled microorganisms and actively participates in the initiation of innate host defense. Induction of...

Authors: Scharf S, Hippenstiel S, Flieger A, Suttorp N, N\'Guessan PD

Expression of the Dermatomyositis Autoantigen Mi-2 in Regenerating Muscle

OBJECTIVE: Autoantibodies against the chromatin remodeler Mi-2 are found in a distinct subset of patients with dermatomyositis (DM). Previous quantitative immunoblotting experiments demonstrated that Mi-2 protein levels are up-regulated in DM muscle....

Authors: Mammen AL, Casciola-Rosen LA, Hall JC, Christopher-Stine L, Corse AM, Rosen A.

Aprataxin localizes to mitochondria and preserves mitochondrial function.

Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 1 is caused by mutation in the APTX gene, which encodes the DNA strand-break repair protein aprataxin. Aprataxin exhibits homology to the histidine triad superfamily of nucleotide hydrolases and transferases and removes...

Authors: Sykora P, Croteau DL, Bohr VA, Wilson DM 3rd.

Myostatin reduces Akt/TORC1/p70S6K signaling, inhibiting myoblast differentiation and myotube size

Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle size, previously shown to inhibit muscle cell differentiation. Myostatin requires both Smad2 and Smad3 downstream of the activin receptor II (ActRII)/activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) receptor...

Authors: Trendelenburg AU, Meyer A, Rohner D, Boyle J, Hatakeyama S, Glass DJ.

Human skeletal muscle drug transporters determine local exposure and toxicity of statins

RATIONALE: The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, or statins, are important drugs used in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Although statins are well tolerated, many patients develop myopathy manifesting...

Authors: Knauer MJ, Urquhart BL, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Schwarz UI, Lemke CJ, Leake BF, Kim RB, Tirona...

Promoter DNA Methylation Patterns of Differentiated Cells Are Largely Programmed at the Progenitor Stage

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from various tissues share common phenotypic and functional properties. However, intrinsic molecular evidence supporting these observations has been lacking. Here, we unravel overlapping genome-wide promoter DNA...

Authors: Sørensen AL, Jacobsen BM, Reiner AH, Andersen IS, Collas P

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