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Posttranslational Regulation of Tristetraprolin Subcellular Localization and Protein Stability by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathways

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, acting through the downstream kinase MK2, regulates the stability of many proinflammatory mRNAs that contain adenosine/uridine-rich elements (AREs). It is thought to do this by...

Authors: Brook M, Tchen CR, Santalucia T, McIlrath J, Arthur JS, Saklatvala J, Clark AR

Notch controls proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in a dose-dependent manner

Self-renewal and differentiation of CNS stem cells are regulated by still poorly understood cell-cell interactions. Notch is a well-known cell surface protein that can promote both cell cycle progression and mitotic arrest but the molecular mechanism...

Authors: Guentchev M, McKay RD

Recognition of Breast Cancer Cells by CD8+ Cytotoxic T-Cell Clones Specific for NY-BR-1

Immunotherapy for breast cancer using cytotoxic T cells (CTL) is hindered by the lack of well-characterized breast cancer antigens that are expressed in most breast tumor cells and recognized by CD8(+) CTL. A recently described breast tissue...

Authors: Wang W, Epler J, Salazar LG, Riddell SR

Epigenetic processes play a major role in B-cell-specific gene silencing in classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Many B-lineage-specific genes are down-regulated in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We investigated the involvement of epigenetic modifications in gene silencing in cHL cell lines and in microdissected...

Authors: Ushmorov A, Leithauser F, Sakk O, Weinhausel A, Popov SW, Moller P, Wirth T

Association between Pak1 expression and subcellular localization and tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND: p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) phosphorylates many proteins in both normal and transformed cells. Its ability to phosphorylate and thereby activate the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) potentially limits the effectiveness of antiestrogen...

Authors: Holm C, Rayala S, Jirstrom K, Stal O, Kumar R, Landberg G

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying FOXP3 Induction in Human T Cells

FOXP3 is playing an essential role for T regulatory cells and is involved in the molecular mechanisms controlling immune tolerance. Although the biological relevance of this transcription factor is well documented, the pathways responsible for its...

Authors: Mantel PY, Ouaked N, Ruckert B, Karagiannidis C, Welz R, Blaser K, Schmidt-Weber CB

Small Interfering RNA-Mediated Knockdown of Notch Ligands in Primary CD4+ T Cells and Dendritic Cells Enhances Cytokine Production

The key interaction in the adaptive immune system's response to pathogenic challenge occurs at the interface between APCs and T cells. Families of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules function in association with the cytokine microenvironment to...

Authors: Stallwood Y, Briend E, Ray KM, Ward GA, Smith BJ, Nye E, Champion BR, McKenzie GJ

Sema4D/plexin-B1 activates GSK-3beta through R-Ras GAP activity, inducing growth cone collapse

Plexins are receptors for the axonal guidance molecules known as semaphorins, and the semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) receptor plexin-B1 induces repulsive responses by functioning as an R-Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP). Here we characterized the...

Authors: Ito Y, Oinuma I, Katoh H, Kaibuchi K, Negishi M

The gamma-parvin-integrin-linked kinase complex is critically involved in leukocyte-substrate interaction

Leukocyte extravasation is an important step of inflammation, in which integrins have been demonstrated to play an essential role by mediating the interaction of leukocytes with the vascular endothelium and the subendothelial extracellular matrix....

Authors: Yoshimi R, Yamaji S, Suzuki A, Mishima W, Okamura M, Obana T, Matsuda C, Miwa Y, Ohno S, Ishigatsubo...

Downregulation of Bim by brain-derived neurotrophic factor activation of TrkB protects neuroblastoma cells from paclitaxel but not etoposide or cisplatin-induced cell death

Chemoresistance and increased expression of TrkB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are biomarkers of poor prognosis in tumors from patients with neuroblastoma (NB). Previously, we found BDNF activation of TrkB through PI3K/Akt protects NB...

Authors: Li Z, Zhang J, Liu Z, Woo CW, Thiele CJ

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