Search Results

Ceramide mediates caspase-independent programmed cell death

Although numerous studies have implicated the sphingolipid ceramide in the induction of cell death, a causative function of ceramide in caspase-dependent apoptosis remains a highly debated issue. Here, we show that ceramide is a key mediator of a...

Authors: Thon L, Mohlig H, Mathieu S, Lange A, Bulanova E, Winoto-Morbach S, Schutze S, Bulfone-Paus S and...

Single-cell analysis of normal and FOXP3-mutant human T cells: FOXP3 expression without regulatory T cell development

Forkhead winged-helix transcription factor Foxp3 serves as the dedicated mediator of the genetic program governing CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cell (TR) development and function in mice. In humans, its role in mediating TR development has been...

Authors: Gavin MA, Torgerson TR, Houston E, Deroos P, Ho WY, Stray-Pedersen A, Ocheltree EL, Greenberg PD,...

Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits rat and human breast cancer cell proliferation: mutual cross inhibition with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is the rate limiting enzyme of heme catabolism whereas indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) catabolizes tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway. We analyzed the expression and biological effects of these enzymes in rat and...

Authors: Hill M, Pereira V, Chauveau C, Zagani R, Remy S, Tesson L, Mazal D, Ubillos L, Brion R, Ashgar K,...

Loss of Siglec expression on T lymphocytes during human evolution

We report here that human T cells give much stronger proliferative responses to specific activation via the T cell receptor (TCR) than those from chimpanzees, our closest evolutionary relatives. Nonspecific activation using phytohemagglutinin was...

Authors: Nguyen DH, Hurtado-Ziola N, Gagneux P, Varki A

Atherosclerotic Plaque Macrophage Transcriptional Regulators Are Expressed in Blood and Modulated by Tristetraprolin

Circulating monocytes and plaque macrophages mediate inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We purified these cells from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for advanced atherosclerosis and examined their in vivo transcriptomes...

Authors: Patino WD, Kang JG, Matoba S, Mian OY, Gochuico BR, Hwang PM

The Fat1 cadherin integrates vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration signals

The significance of cadherin superfamily proteins in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) biology is undefined. Here we describe recent studies of the Fat1 protocadherin. Fat1 expression in VSMCs increases significantly after arterial injury or growth...

Authors: Hou R, Liu L, Anees S, Hiroyasu S, Sibinga NE

The SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex is a cofactor for tat transactivation of the HIV promoter

Tat is a critical viral transactivator essential for HIV gene expression. Activation involves binding to an RNA stem-loop structure and recruitment of the pTEFb elongation factor. Tat also induces the remodeling of a single nucleosome in the HIV...

Authors: Mahmoudi T, Parra M, Vries RG, Kauder SE, Verrijzer CP, Ott M, Verdin E

HIV regulation of the IL-7R: a viral mechanism for enhancing HIV-1 replication in human macrophages in vitro

We report a novel mechanism, involving up-regulation of the interleukin (IL)-7 cytokine receptor, by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enhances its own production in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in vitro. HIV-1 infection or treatment of...

Authors: Zhang M, Drenkow J, Lankford CS, Frucht DM, Rabin RL, Gingeras TR, Venkateshan C, Schwartzkopff F,...

p120-catenin mediates inflammatory responses in the skin

Although p120-catenin regulates adherens junction (AJ) stability in cultured cells, genetic studies in lower eukaryotes have not revealed a role for this protein in vivo. Using conditional targeting in mice, we show that p120 null neonatal epidermis...

Authors: Perez-Moreno M, Davis MA, Wong E, Pasolli HA, Reynolds AB, Fuchs E

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer in living cells reveals dynamic membrane changes in the initiation of B cell signaling

B cell responses are initiated by the clustering of the B cell receptor (BCR) by the binding of multivalent antigens. Clustering leads to phosphorylation of tyrosines in the cytoplasmic domains of the BCR by the inner plasma membrane...

Authors: Sohn HW, Tolar P, Jin T, Pierce SK

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