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Activating prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP4 increases secreted mucin from airway goblet cells.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a ligand of the E-type prostanoid receptors, EP1-4. PGE2 secretion is increased in the airways of patients with asthma by secretory phospholipases A2, which also increases MUC5AC mucin in goblet cells. We hypothesized that...

Authors: Akaba T, Komiya K, Suzaki I, Kozaki Y, Tamaoki J, Rubin BK

Development of glial restricted human neural stem cells for oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo.

In this study, we have developed highly expandable neural stem cells (NSCs) from HESCs and iPSCs that artificially express the oligodendrocyte (OL) specific transcription factor gene Zfp488. This is enough to restrict them to an exclusive...

Authors: Biswas S Chung SH Jiang P Dhaghan S Deng W

Induced Neurons for the Study of Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Patient-derived or genomically modified human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the opportunity to study neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Overexpression of certain neurogenic transcription factors (TFs) in iPSCs can...

Authors: Sauter EJ, Kutsche LK, Klapper SD, Busskamp V.

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Temporal and partial inhibition of GLI1 in neural stem cells (NSCs) results in the early maturation of NSC derived oligodendrocytes in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cells that synthesize the myelin sheath around the axons and are critical for the nerve conduction in the CNS. Oligodendrocyte death and defects are the leading causes of several myelin disorders such...

Authors: Namchaiw P WEn H Mayrhofer F Chechneva O Biswas S Deng W

Human blood vessel organoids as a model of diabetic vasculopathy

The increasing prevalence of diabetes has resulted in a global epidemic1. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and amputation of lower limbs. These are often caused by changes in blood vessels, such as the...

Authors: Wimmer RA, Leopoldi A, Aichinger M, Wick N, Hantusch B, Novatchkova M, Taubenschmid J, Hämmerle M,...

Crocin reduces Aspergillus fumigatus-induced airway inflammation and NF-kappaB signal activation

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic airway inflammation and its exacerbation is often accompanied by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) infection. Increasing evidences demonstrated the potent antioxidant and -inflammatory...

Authors: Du J1, Chi Y1, Song Z1, Di Q1, Mai Z1, Shi J1, Li M1

Hydrophilic titanium surface-induced macrophage modulation promotes pro-osteogenic signalling.

OBJECTIVES:As biomaterial-induced modulation of mediators of the immune response may be a potential therapeutic approach to enhance wound healing events, the aim of this study was to delineate the effects of titanium surface...

Authors: Hamlet SM Lee RSB Moon HJ Alfarsi MA Ivanovski S

Host-directed combinatorial RNAi improves inhibition of diverse strains of influenza A virus in human respiratory epithelial cells.

Influenza A virus infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and currently available prevention and treatment methods are suboptimal. In recent years, genome-wide investigations have revealed numerous host factors that are...

Authors: Estrin MA, Hussein ITM, Puryear WB, Kuan AC, Artim SC, Runstadler JA

Translating intracarotid artery transplantation of bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells for ischemic stroke: Behavioral and histological readouts and mechanistic insights into stem cell therapy.

The present study used in vitro and in vivo stroke models to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action of adult human bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells. Coculture with NCS-01 cells protected primary rat cortical cells or human neural...

Authors: Kaneko Y, Lee JY, Tajiri N, Tuazon JP, Lippert T, Russo E, Yu SJ, Bonsack B, Corey S, Coats...

In Vitro Experimental Model for the Long-Term Analysis of Cellular Dynamics During Bronchial Tree Development from Lung Epithelial Cells.

Lung branching morphogenesis has been studied for decades, but the underlying developmental mechanisms are still not fully understood. Cellular movements dynamically change during the branching process, but it is difficult to observe long-term...

Authors: Hagiwara M1, Maruta N2,3, Marumoto M2

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