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Loss of Siglec expression on T lymphocytes during human evolution

We report here that human T cells give much stronger proliferative responses to specific activation via the T cell receptor (TCR) than those from chimpanzees, our closest evolutionary relatives. Nonspecific activation using phytohemagglutinin was...

Authors: Nguyen DH, Hurtado-Ziola N, Gagneux P, Varki A

Reduction in ABCG1 in type 2 diabetic mice increases macrophage foam cell formation

Atherosclerosis development is accelerated several-fold in patients with Type 2 diabetes. In the initial stages of disease, monocytes transmigrate into the subendothelial space and differentiate into foam cells. Scavenger receptors and ATP Binding...

Authors: Mauldin JP, Srinivasan S, Mulya A, Gebre A, Parks JS, Daugherty A, Hedrick CC

Sema4D/plexin-B1 activates GSK-3beta through R-Ras GAP activity, inducing growth cone collapse

Plexins are receptors for the axonal guidance molecules known as semaphorins, and the semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) receptor plexin-B1 induces repulsive responses by functioning as an R-Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP). Here we characterized the...

Authors: Ito Y, Oinuma I, Katoh H, Kaibuchi K, Negishi M

The Fat1 cadherin integrates vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration signals

The significance of cadherin superfamily proteins in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) biology is undefined. Here we describe recent studies of the Fat1 protocadherin. Fat1 expression in VSMCs increases significantly after arterial injury or growth...

Authors: Hou R, Liu L, Anees S, Hiroyasu S, Sibinga NE

The SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex is a cofactor for tat transactivation of the HIV promoter

Tat is a critical viral transactivator essential for HIV gene expression. Activation involves binding to an RNA stem-loop structure and recruitment of the pTEFb elongation factor. Tat also induces the remodeling of a single nucleosome in the HIV...

Authors: Mahmoudi T, Parra M, Vries RG, Kauder SE, Verrijzer CP, Ott M, Verdin E

Lymphocyte Chemotaxis Is Regulated by Histone Deacetylase 6, Independently of Its Deacetylase Activity

In this work, the role of HDAC6, a type II histone deacetylase with tubulin deacetylase activity, in lymphocyte polarity, motility and transmigration was explored. HDAC6 was localized at dynamic subcellular structures as leading lamellipodia and the...

Authors: Cabrero JR, Serrador JM, Barreiro O, Mittelbrunn M, Naranjo-Suarez S, Martin-Cofreces N,...

Downregulation of Bim by brain-derived neurotrophic factor activation of TrkB protects neuroblastoma cells from paclitaxel but not etoposide or cisplatin-induced cell death

Chemoresistance and increased expression of TrkB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are biomarkers of poor prognosis in tumors from patients with neuroblastoma (NB). Previously, we found BDNF activation of TrkB through PI3K/Akt protects NB...

Authors: Li Z, Zhang J, Liu Z, Woo CW, Thiele CJ

High-efficiency transfection and drug selection of genetically transformed blood stages of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei

This protocol describes a method of genetic transformation for the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei with a high transfection efficiency of 10(-3)-10(-4). It provides methods for: (i) in vitro cultivation and purification of the schizont...

Authors: Janse CJ, Ramesar J, Waters AP

SST Peer Reviewed

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer in living cells reveals dynamic membrane changes in the initiation of B cell signaling

B cell responses are initiated by the clustering of the B cell receptor (BCR) by the binding of multivalent antigens. Clustering leads to phosphorylation of tyrosines in the cytoplasmic domains of the BCR by the inner plasma membrane...

Authors: Sohn HW, Tolar P, Jin T, Pierce SK

Preclinical Assessment of FHIT Gene Replacement Therapy in Human Leukemia Using a Chimeric Adenovirus, Ad5/F35

PURPOSE: Expression of the FHIT protein is lost or reduced in most solid tumors and a significant fraction of hematopoietic malignancies. Adenovirus 5 (Ad5) virus or adeno-associated viral vectors have been used to study the tumor suppressor function...

Authors: Pichiorri F, Trapasso F, Palumbo T, Aqeilan RI, Drusco A, Blaser BW, Iliopoulos D, Caligiuri MA,...

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