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Phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphatase myotubularin-related protein 6 negatively regulates CD4 T cells

Intracellular Ca(2+) levels rapidly rise following cross-linking of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and function as a critical intracellular second messenger in T-cell activation. It has been relatively under appreciated that K(+) channels play an...

Authors: Srivastava S, Ko K, Choudhury P, Li Z, Johnson AK, Nadkarni V, Unutmaz D, Coetzee WA, Skolnik EY

Interneurite affinity is regulated by heterophilic nectin interactions in concert with the cadherin machinery

Neurites recognize their specific partners during the formation of interneuronal connections. In hippocampal pyramidal neurons, axons attach to dendrites for their synaptogenesis, but the dendrites do not form stable contacts with each other,...

Authors: Togashi H, Miyoshi J, Honda T, Sakisaka T, Takai Y, Takeichi M

Role of the Rho GTPase-activating protein RICS in neurite outgrowth

The Rho family of small GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, are critical regulators of the actin cytoskeleton. In neuronal systems, Rho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) and their substrates, Rho GTPases, have been implicated in regulating...

Authors: Nasu-Nishimura Y, Hayashi T, Ohishi T, Okabe T, Ohwada S, Hasegawa Y, Senda T, Toyoshima C, Nakamura...

Nitrosylcobalamin Promotes Cell Death via S Nitrosylation of Apo2L/TRAIL Receptor DR4

We have previously demonstrated that nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl), an analogue of vitamin B(12) that delivers nitric oxide (NO), had potent antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines. NO-Cbl induced apoptosis via a death...

Authors: Tang Z, Bauer JA, Morrison B, Lindner DJ

CD28-stimulated ERK2 phosphorylation is required for polarization of the microtubule organizing center and granules in YTS NK cells

Activation of natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity requires adhesion and formation of a conjugate with a susceptible target cell, followed by actin polymerization, and polarization of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and cytolytic granules...

Authors: Chen X, Allan DS, Krzewski K, Ge B, Kopcow H, Strominger JL

Identification of an Intracellular Trafficking and Assembly Pathway for HIV-1 Gag

Retroviral Gag proteins are membrane-bound polyproteins that are necessary and sufficient for virus-like particle (VLP) formation. It is not known how Gag traffics through the cell or how the site of particle production is determined. Here we use two...

Authors: Perlman M, Resh MD

Notch controls proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in a dose-dependent manner

Self-renewal and differentiation of CNS stem cells are regulated by still poorly understood cell-cell interactions. Notch is a well-known cell surface protein that can promote both cell cycle progression and mitotic arrest but the molecular mechanism...

Authors: Guentchev M, McKay RD

The mTOR pathway regulates mitochondrial oxygen consumption and oxidative capacity

Metabolic rate and the subsequent production of reactive oxygen species is thought to contribute to the rate of aging in a wide range of species. The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a well conserved serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell growth in...

Authors: Schieke SM, Phillips D, McCoy JP Jr, Aponte AM, Shen RF, Balaban RS, Finkel T

Overexpression of SOCS3 inhibits astrogliogenesis and promotes maintenance of neural stem cells

To investigate the effects of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) on neural stem cell fate, stem cells were infected with an adenoviral vector expressing SOCS3. Three days later, western blot analysis and immunocytochemical analysis revealed...

Authors: Cao F, Hata R, Zhu P, Ma YJ, Tanaka J, Hanakawa Y, Hashimoto K, Niinobe M, Yoshikawa K, Sakanaka M

Induction of Lactoferrin Gene Expression in Myeloid or Mammary Gland Cells by Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax: Implications for Milk-Borne Transmission of HTLV-1

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia, is transmitted vertically via breastfeeding. We have previously demonstrated that lactoferrin, a major milk protein, enhances HTLV-1 replication, at least in...

Authors: Moriuchi M, Moriuchi H

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