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The cellular basis for biocide-induced fluorescein hyperfluorescence in mammalian cell culture

Clinical examination of the ocular surface is commonly carried out after application of sodium fluorescein in both veterinary and medical practice by assessing the resulting 'staining'. Although localized intensely stained regions of the cornea...

Authors: Bakkar MM, Hardaker L, March P, Morgan PB, Maldonado-Codina C, Dobson CB

Engineered regulatory T cells coexpressing MHC class II:peptide complexes are efficient inhibitors of autoimmune T cell function and prevent the development of autoimmune arthritis.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical homeostatic components in preventing the development of autoimmunity, and are a major focus for their therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases. To enhance the efficacy of Tregs in adoptive therapy, we...

Authors: Qian Z1, Latham KA, Whittington KB, Miller DC, Brand DD, Rosloniec EF.

Regulation of Human Trophoblast GLUT1 Glucose Transporter by Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I)

Glucose transport to the fetus across the placenta takes place via glucose transporters in the opposing faces of the barrier layer, the microvillous and basal membranes of the syncytiotrophoblast. While basal membrane content of the GLUT1 glucose...

Authors: Baumann MU, Schneider H, Malek A, Palta V, Surbek DV, Sager R, Zamudio S, Illsley NP

Alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes in cigarette smoke release inflammatory mediators from human macrophages.

Smoking cigarettes is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a condition associated with chronic pulmonary inflammation, characterized by macrophage activation, neutrophil recruitment, and cell injury. Many...

Authors: Facchinetti F1, Amadei F, Geppetti P, Tarantini F, Di Serio C, Dragotto A, Gigli PM, Catinella S,...

Corneal Cell Adhesion to Contact Lens Hydrogel Materials Enhanced via Tear Film Protein Deposition

Tear film protein deposition on contact lens hydrogels has been well characterized from the perspective of bacterial adhesion and viability. However, the effect of protein deposition on lens interactions with the corneal epithelium remains largely...

Authors: Elkins CM, Qi QM, Fuller GG.

Cutting edge: Leptin-induced ROR?t expression in CD4+ T cells promotes Th17 responses in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Th17 CD4(+) cells promote inflammation and autoimmunity. In this study, we report that Th17 cell frequency is reduced in ob/ob mice (that are genetically deficient in the adipokine leptin) and that the administration of leptin to ob/ob mice restored...

Authors: Yu Y1, Liu Y, Shi FD, Zou H, Matarese G, La Cava A.

Activated invariant NKT cells control central nervous system autoimmunity in a mechanism that involves myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid Ags presented by the MHC class I-related protein CD1d. Activation of iNKT cells with glycolipid Ags, such as the marine sponge-derived reagent a-galactosylceramide...

Authors: Parekh VV1, Wu L, Olivares-Villagómez D, Wilson KT, Van Kaer L.

Histamine suppresses epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and impairs skin barrier function in a human skin model

BACKGROUND: Defects in keratinocyte differentiation and skin barrier are important features of inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis. Mast cells and their main mediator histamine are abundant in inflamed skin and thus may contribute to...

Authors: Gschwandtner M1, Mildner M, Mlitz V, Gruber F, Eckhart L, Werfel T, Gutzmer R, Elias PM, Tschachler...

Cigarette smoke and its component acrolein augment IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA stability via p38 MAPK/MK2 signaling in human pulmonary cells.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) is an important neutrophil chemoattractant known to be elevated in the airways of cigarette smokers and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We examined the acute effect of aqueous cigarette smoke...

Authors: Moretto N1, Bertolini S, Iadicicco C, Marchini G, Kaur M, Volpi G, Patacchini R, Singh D,...

A zinc-finger transcriptional activator designed to interact with the gamma-globin gene promoters enhances fetal hemoglobin production in primary human adult erythroblasts.

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is a potent genetic modifier of the severity of beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. We used an in vitro culture model of human erythropoiesis in which late-stage erythroblasts are derived directly from human CD34(+)...

Authors: Wilber A, Tschulena U, Hargrove PW, Kim YS, Persons DA, Barbas CF 3rd, Nienhuis AW.

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