Search Results

Drug-induced activation of SREBP-controlled lipogenic gene expression in CNS-related cell lines: marked differences between various antipsychotic drugs

BACKGROUND: The etiology of schizophrenia is unknown, but neurodevelopmental disturbances, myelin- and oligodendrocyte abnormalities and synaptic dysfunction have been suggested as pathophysiological factors in this severe psychiatric disorder....

Authors: Fernø J, Skrede S, Vik-Mo AO, Håvik B, Steen VM.

Aprataxin localizes to mitochondria and preserves mitochondrial function.

Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 1 is caused by mutation in the APTX gene, which encodes the DNA strand-break repair protein aprataxin. Aprataxin exhibits homology to the histidine triad superfamily of nucleotide hydrolases and transferases and removes...

Authors: Sykora P, Croteau DL, Bohr VA, Wilson DM 3rd.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies neural progenitor cells in the live human brain

The identification of neural stem and progenitor cells (NPCs) by in vivo brain imaging could have important implications for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. We describe a metabolic biomarker for the detection and quantification of...

Authors: Manganas LN, Zhang X, Li Y, Hazel RD, Smith SD, Wagshul ME, Henn F, Benveniste H, Djuric PM,...

FMRP phosphorylation reveals an immediate-early signaling pathway triggered by group I mGluR and mediated by PP2A.

Fragile X syndrome is a common form of inherited mental retardation and is caused by loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), a selective RNA-binding protein that influences the translation of target messages. Here, we identify protein...

Authors: Narayanan U, Nalavadi V, Nakamoto M, Pallas DC, Ceman S, Bassell GJ, Warren ST.

Myostatin reduces Akt/TORC1/p70S6K signaling, inhibiting myoblast differentiation and myotube size

Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle size, previously shown to inhibit muscle cell differentiation. Myostatin requires both Smad2 and Smad3 downstream of the activin receptor II (ActRII)/activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) receptor...

Authors: Trendelenburg AU, Meyer A, Rohner D, Boyle J, Hatakeyama S, Glass DJ.

Human skeletal muscle drug transporters determine local exposure and toxicity of statins

RATIONALE: The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, or statins, are important drugs used in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Although statins are well tolerated, many patients develop myopathy manifesting...

Authors: Knauer MJ, Urquhart BL, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Schwarz UI, Lemke CJ, Leake BF, Kim RB, Tirona...

Nuclear calpain regulates Ca2+-dependent signaling via proteolysis of nuclear Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV in cultured neurons.

Accumulating evidence indicates that calpains can reside in or translocate to the cell nucleus, but their functions in this compartment remain poorly understood. Dissociated cultures of cerebellar granule cells (GCs) demonstrate improved long-term...

Authors: Tremper-Wells B, Vallano ML.

Response of human chondrocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells to a decellularized human dermis

BACKGROUND: Although progress has been made in the treatment of articular cartilage lesions, they are still a major challenge because current techniques do not provide satisfactory long-term outcomes. Tissue engineering and the use of functional...

Authors: Giavaresi G, Bondioli E, Melandri D, Giardino R, Tschon M, Torricelli P, Cenacchi G, Rotini R,...

Promoter DNA Methylation Patterns of Differentiated Cells Are Largely Programmed at the Progenitor Stage

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from various tissues share common phenotypic and functional properties. However, intrinsic molecular evidence supporting these observations has been lacking. Here, we unravel overlapping genome-wide promoter DNA...

Authors: Sørensen AL, Jacobsen BM, Reiner AH, Andersen IS, Collas P

HspB2/Myotonic Dystrophy Protein Kinase Binding Protein (MKBP) as a Novel Molecular Chaperone: Structural and Functional Aspects

The small heat shock protein, human HspB2, also known as Myotonic Dystrophy Kinase Binding Protein (MKBP), specifically associates with and activates Myotonic Dystrophy Protein Kinase (DMPK), a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important...

Authors: Prabhu S, Raman B, Ramakrishna T, Rao ChM

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