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HIF-1alpha inhibits self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro via negative regulation of the LIF-Stat3 pathway

During mammalian embryogenesis, the early embryo grows in a relatively hypoxic environment due to a restricted supply of oxygen. The molecular mechanisms underlying modulation of self-renewal and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs)...

Authors: Jeong CH, Lee HJ, Cha JH, Kim JH, Kim KR, Kim JH, Yoon DK, Kim KW

MIF is a noncognate ligand of CXC chemokine receptors in inflammatory and atherogenic cell recruitment

The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases and atherogenesis. We identify the chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4 as functional receptors for MIF. MIF triggered G(alphai)- and...

Authors: Bernhagen J, Krohn R, Lue H, Gregory JL, Zernecke A, Koenen RR, Dewor M, Georgiev I, Schober A, Leng...

Sensitization to TLR7 Agonist in IFN-beta-Preactivated Dendritic Cells

TLRs interact with a growing list of pathogen-derived products and these interactions drive the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in these events expressing a heterogeneous repertoire of TLRs. We...

Authors: Severa M, Remoli ME, Giacomini E, Annibali V, Gafa V, Lande R, Tomai M, Salvetti M, Coccia EM

Mechanosensitive activation of K+ channel via phospholipase C-induced depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in B lymphocytes

In various types of cells mechanical stimulation of the plasma membrane activates phospholipase C (PLC). However, the regulation of ion channels via mechanosensitive degradation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) is not known yet. The...

Authors: Nam JH, Lee HS, Nguyen YH, Kang TM, Lee SW, Kim SJ, Kim HY, Earm YE, Kim SJ

Microphthalmia transcription factor isoforms in mast cells and the heart

The microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf) is critical for the survival and differentiation of a variety of cell types. While on the transcript level it has been noted that melanocytes and cardiomyocytes express specific Mitf isoforms, mast cells...

Authors: Tshori S, Sonnenblick A, Yannay-Cohen N, Kay G, Nechushtan H, Razin E

PUMA regulation and proapoptotic effects in fibroblast-like synoviocytes

OBJECTIVE: Although p53 is overexpressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue (ST), few synoviocytes undergo apoptosis. This could be partly due to low expression of proapoptotic genes. Deficient p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis...

Authors: Cha HS, Rosengren S, Boyle DL, Firestein GS

In macrophages, HIV-1 assembles into an intracellular plasma membrane domain containing the tetraspanins CD81, CD9, and CD53

In macrophages, HIV-1 has been shown to bud into intracellular structures that contain the late endosome marker CD63. We show that these organelles are not endosomes, but an internally sequestered plasma membrane domain. Using immunofluorescence...

Authors: Deneka M, Pelchen-Matthews A, Byland R, Ruiz-Mateos E, Marsh M

Perforin activity and immune homeostasis: the common A91V polymorphism in perforin results in both pre- and post-synaptic defects in function

Perforin (PRF), a pore-forming protein expressed in cytotoxic lymphocytes, plays a key role in immune surveillance and immune homeostasis. The A91V substitution has a prevalence of 8-9% in population studies. While this variant has been suspected of...

Authors: Voskoboinik I, Sutton VR, Ciccone A, House C, Chia J, Darcy PK, Yagita H, Trapani JA

Calcineurin activation is only one calcium-dependent step in cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis

We have tested the idea that calcineurin, a calcium-dependent phosphatase that is critical for activating cytokine gene expression in helper T cells, plays a role in lytic granule exocytosis in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We used TALL-104 human...

Authors: Grybko MJ, Bartnik JP, Wurth GA, Pores-Fernando AT, Zweifach A

Cytokine-Independent Upregulation of MDA5 in Viral Infection

The RNA helicases RIG-I and MDA5 detect virus infection of dendritic cells (DCs) leading to cytokine induction. Maximal sensitivity for virus detection by these helicases is obtained after their upregulation, which is thought to occur primarily...

Authors: Yount JS, Moran TM, Lopez CB

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