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Alternaria-induced release of IL-18 from damaged airway epithelial cells: an NF-?B dependent mechanism of Th2 differentiation?

BACKGROUND: A series of epidemiologic studies have identified the fungus Alternaria as a major risk factor for asthma. The airway epithelium plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. These reports suggest that activated airway...

Authors: Murai H, Qi H, Choudhury B, Wild J, Dharajiya N, Vaidya S, Kalita A, Bacsi A, Corry D, Kurosky A,...

Lotus leaf extract and L-carnitine influence different processes during the adipocyte life cycle

BACKGROUND: The cellular and molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue biology have been studied extensively over the last two decades. Adipose tissue growth involves both an increase in fat cell size and the formation of mature adipocytes from...

Authors: Siegner R, Heuser S, Holtzmann U, Söhle J, Schepky A, Raschke T, Stäb F, Wenck H, Winnefeld M.

Silica induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human lung epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: In myeloid cells the inflammasome plays a crucial role in innate immune defenses against pathogen- and danger-associated patterns such as crystalline silica. Respirable mineral particles impinge upon the lung epithelium causing...

Authors: Peeters PM, Perkins TN, Wouters EF, Mossman BT, Reynaert NL.

Plasma Kallikrein Promotes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation and Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle through Direct Activation of Protease-activated Receptors*

The kallikrein-kinin system, along with the interlocking renin-angiotensin system, is a key regulator of vascular contractility and injury response. The principal effectors of the kallikrein-kinin system are plasma and tissue kallikreins, proteases...

Authors: Abdallah RT, Keum JS, El-Shewy HM, Lee MH, Wang B, Gooz M, Luttrell DK, Luttrell LM, Jaffa AA.

Induction of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors in human normal respiratory epithelial cells infected with seasonal H1N1, 2009 pandemic H1N1, seasonal H3N2, and highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus.

Respiratory epithelial cells are one of main targets for infections caused by influenza viruses. Recently, the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors (TLRs) in normal human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells infected with...

Authors: Song BM, Kang YM, Kim HS, Seo SH.

High-Phosphate-Induced Calcification Is Related to SM22a Promoter Methylation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Hyperphosphatemia is closely related to vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exposed to high phosphate concentrations in vitro undergo phenotypic transition to osteoblast-like cells....

Authors: Montes de Oca A, Madueño JA, Martinez-Moreno JM, Guerrero F, Muñoz-Castañeda J, Rodriguez-Ortiz ME,...

Direct measurement of oxygen consumption rates from attached and unattached cells in a reversibly sealed, diffusionally isolated sample chamber.

Oxygen consumption is a fundamental component of metabolic networks, mitochondrial function, and global carbon cycling. To date there is no method available that allows for replicate measurements on attached and unattached biological samples without...

Authors: Strovas TJ, McQuaide SC, Anderson JB, Nandakumar V, Kalyuzhnaya MG, Burgess LW, Holl MR, Meldrum DR,...

A novel subset of CD4(+) T(H)2 memory/effector cells that produce inflammatory IL-17 cytokine and promote the exacerbation of chronic allergic asthma

The inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. However, the identity and functions of IL-17-producing T cells during the pathogenesis of allergic diseases remain unclear. Here, we report a novel...

Authors: Wang YH, Voo KS, Liu B, Chen CY, Uygungil B, Spoede W, Bernstein JA, Huston DP, Liu YJ

Smooth Muscle Cell–Specific Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Overexpression in Apoe / Mice Does Not Alter Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden but Increases Features of Plaque Stability

OBJECTIVE: Growth factors may play a permissive role in atherosclerosis initiation and progression, in part via their promotion of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) accumulation in plaques. However, unstable human plaques often have a relative...

Authors: Shai SY, Sukhanov S, Higashi Y, Vaughn C, Kelly J, Delafontaine P

Precision genome engineering with programmable DNA-nicking enzymes

Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are powerful tools of genome engineering but are limited by their inevitable reliance on error-prone nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which gives rise to randomly generated,...

Authors: Kim E, Kim S, Kim DH, Choi BS, Choi IY, Kim JS

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