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6404 results sorted by

NFATc1 regulates PD-1 expression upon T cell activation

PD-1 is a transmembrane protein involved in the regulation of immunological tolerance. Multiple studies have reported an association between high levels of PD-1 expressed on T cell surfaces and exhaustion in lymphocyte populations when challenged by...
Authors: Oestreich KJ, Yoon H, Ahmed R, Boss JM

Highly efficient transient gene expression and gene targeting in primate embryonic stem cells with helper-dependent adenoviral vectors

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are regarded as a potentially unlimited source of cellular materials for regenerative medicine. For biological studies and clinical applications using primate ES cells, the development of a general strategy to obtain...
Authors: Suzuki K, Mitsui K, Aizawa E, Hasegawa K, Kawase E, Yamagishi T, Shimizu Y, Suemori H, Nakatsuji N,...

Endogenous and synthetic agonists of GPR119 differ in signalling pathways and their effects on insulin secretion in MIN6c4 insulinoma cells

Background and purpose:GPR119 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is preferentially expressed in islet cells and mediates insulin secretion. Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) act as endogenous ligands for this receptor,...
Authors: Ning Y, O'Neill K, Lan H, Pang L, Shan LX, Hawes BE, Hedrick JA

Tuberous sclerosis complex proteins control axon formation

Axon formation is fundamental for brain development and function. TSC1 and TSC2 are two genes, mutations in which cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a disease characterized by tumor predisposition and neurological abnormalities including...
Authors: Choi YJ, Di Nardo A, Kramvis I, Meikle L, Kwiatkowski DJ, Sahin M, He X

Microparticles stimulate the synthesis of prostaglandin E(2) via induction of cyclooxygenase 2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1

OBJECTIVE: Microparticles are small vesicles that are released from activated or dying cells and that occur abundantly in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The goal of these studies was to elucidate the mechanisms by...
Authors: Juengel A, Distler O, Schulze-Horsel U, Huber LC, Ha HR, Simmen B, Kalden JR, Pisetsky DS, Gay S,...

Target Gene-Specific Regulation of Androgen Receptor Activity by p42/p44 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

Evidence that the androgen receptor (AR) is not only important in androgen-dependent prostate cancer, but also continues to play a role in tumors that become resistant to androgen deprivation therapies, highlights the need to find alternate means to...
Authors: Agoulnik IU, Bingman WE 3rd, Nakka M, Li W, Wang Q, Liu XS, Brown M, Weigel NL

Ca2+-regulated Pool of PtdIns(3)P Produced by PI3 kinase-C2alpha on Neurosecretory Vesicles

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) is a key player in early endosomal trafficking and is mainly produced by class III PI3-kinase. In neurosecretory cells, class II PI3-kinase C2alpha and its lipid product PtdIns(3)P have recently been...
Authors: Wen PJ, Osborne SL, Morrow IC, Parton RG, Domin J, Meunier FA

Multiple Regulatory Steps Control Mammalian Nonmuscle Myosin II Assembly in Live Cells

To better understand the mechanism controlling nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) assembly in mammalian cells, mutant NM-IIA constructs were created to allow tests in live cells of two widely studied models for filament assembly control. A GFP-NM-IIA...
Authors: Breckenridge MT, Dulyaninova NG, Egelhoff TT

PRELI is a mitochondrial regulator of human primary T helper cell apoptosis, STAT6 and Th2 cell differentiation

The identification of novel factors regulating human T helper (Th) cell differentiation into functionally distinct Th1 and Th2 subsets is important for understanding the mechanisms behind human autoimmune and allergic diseases. We have identified...
Authors: Tahvanainen J, Kallonen T, Lahteenmaki H, Heiskanen KM, Westermarck J, Rao KV, Lahesmaa R

Regulation of cartilage-specific gene expression in human chondrocytes by SirT1 and NAMPT

SSirT1 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase that regulates gene expression, differentiation, development and organism life span. Here we investigate the function of SirT1 in human chondrocytes derived from osteoarthritic patients. Elevation of...
Authors: Dvir-Ginzberg M, Gagarina V, Lee EJ, Hall DJ
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