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Steroidal Androgens and Nonsteroidal, Tissue-Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator, S-22, Regulate Androgen Receptor Function through Distinct Genomic and Nongenomic Signaling Pathways

Androgen receptor (AR) ligands are important for the development and function of several tissues and organs. However, the poor oral bioavailability, pharmacokinetic properties, and receptor cross-reactivity of testosterone, coupled with side effects,...

Authors: Narayanan R, Coss CC, Yepuru M, Kearbey JD, Miller DD, Dalton JT

cAMP-mediated Induction of Cyclin E Sensitizes Growth-arrested Adipose Stem Cells to DNA Damage-induced apoptosis

The differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells has been extensively studied, but little is known on cell cycle-related events in the proliferation and differentiation phases of these cells. Here, we demonstrate that exposure to...

Authors: Ugland H, Boquest AC, Naderi S, Collas P, Blomhoff HK

Endogenous and synthetic agonists of GPR119 differ in signalling pathways and their effects on insulin secretion in MIN6c4 insulinoma cells

Background and purpose:GPR119 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is preferentially expressed in islet cells and mediates insulin secretion. Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) act as endogenous ligands for this receptor,...

Authors: Ning Y, O'Neill K, Lan H, Pang L, Shan LX, Hawes BE, Hedrick JA

Actin Filament Assembly by Myristoylated, Alanine-rich C Kinase Substrate-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate Signaling Is Critical for Dendrite Branching

Dendrites undergo extensive growth and branching at early stages, but relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. Here, we show that increasing the level of myristoylated, alanine-rich C kinase substrate...

Authors: Li H, Chen G, Zhou B, Duan S

PKA-mediated gating of neuregulin-dependent ErbB2-ErbB3 activation underlies the synergistic action of cAMP on Schwann cell proliferation

In Schwann cells (SCs), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) enhances the action of neuregulin, the most potent known mitogen for SCs, by synergistically increasing the activation of two crucial signaling pathways: ERK and Akt. However, the...

Authors: Monje PV, Athauda G, Wood PM

The 9-1-1 DNA clamp is required for immunoglobulin gene conversion

Chicken DT40 cells deficient in the 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp exhibit hypersensitivity to a variety of DNA-damaging agents. Although recent work suggests that, in addition to its role in checkpoint activation, this complex may play a role in homologous...

Authors: Saberi A, Nakahara M, Sale JE, Kikuchi K, Arakawa H, Buerstedde JM, Takeda S, Sonoda E

Beta-PIX and Rac1 GTPase mediate trafficking and negative regulation of NOD2

The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing protein NOD2 serves as a cytoplasmic pattern recognition molecule sensing bacterial muramyl dipeptide (MDP), whereas TLR2 mediates cell surface recognition of bacterial lipopeptides. In...

Authors: Eitel J, Kruell M, Hocke AC, N'Guessan PD, Zahlten J, Schmeck B, Slevogt H, Hippenstiel S, Suttorp...

The MHC class II-associated invariant chain interacts with the neonatal Fc gamma receptor and modulates its trafficking to endosomal/lysosomal compartments

The neonatal Fc receptor for IgG (FcRn) transfers maternal IgG to the offspring and protects IgG from degradation. The FcRn resides in an acidic intracellular compartment, allowing it to bind IgG. In this study, we found the association of FcRn and...

Authors: Ye L, Liu X, Rout SN, Li Z, Yan Y, Lu L, Kamala T, Nanda NK, Song W, Samal SK, Zhu X

Activation of the Adenosine-A3 Receptor Stimulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Secretion by Macrophages

AIMS: Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. The cardioprotectant adenosine may be involved in ventricular remodeling. We have shown that adenosine inhibits the...

Authors: Velot E, Haas B, Léonard F, Ernens I, Rolland-Turner M, Schwartz C, Longrois D, Devaux Y, Wagner DR

Highly efficient transient gene expression and gene targeting in primate embryonic stem cells with helper-dependent adenoviral vectors

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are regarded as a potentially unlimited source of cellular materials for regenerative medicine. For biological studies and clinical applications using primate ES cells, the development of a general strategy to obtain...

Authors: Suzuki K, Mitsui K, Aizawa E, Hasegawa K, Kawase E, Yamagishi T, Shimizu Y, Suemori H, Nakatsuji N,...

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