Integrative Genetic Manipulation of Plasmodium cynomolgi Reveals Multidrug Resistance-1 Y976F Associated With Increased In Vitro Susceptibility to Mefloquine 

Authors:
Kurt E Ward, Peter Christensen,  Annie Racklyeft, Satish K Dhingra,  Adeline C Y Chua, Caroline Remmert, Rossarin Suwanarusk, Jessica Matheson,  Michael J Blackman, Osamu Kaneko,  Dennis E Kyle,  Marcus C S Lee,  Robert W Moon,  Georges Snounou, Laurent Rénia, David A Fidock,  Bruce Russell,  Pablo Bifani
In:
Source: J Infect Dis
Publication Date: (2022)
Issue: 10:
Research Area:
Parasitology
Cells used in publication:
Plasmodium Cynomolgi 
Species: unicellular
Tissue Origin:
Platform:
4D-Nucleofector® X-Unit
Experiment

Five to ten microliters of pelleted schizonts were added to 100 µL of P3 Primary Cell solution (Lonza), along with 20 µg of plasmid DNA eluted in 10 µL of sterile Tris and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid buffer. The transfection solution was transferred to a 4D Nucleofector X Kit L cuvette and transfected using program FP158 on the Amaxa 4D Nucleofector. 

Abstract

The lack of a long-term in vitro culture method has severely restricted the study of Plasmodium vivax, in part because it limits genetic manipulation and reverse genetics. We used the recently optimized Plasmodium cynomolgi Berok in vitro culture model to investigate the putative P. vivax drug resistance marker MDR1 Y976F. Introduction of this mutation using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) increased sensitivity to mefloquine, but had no significant effect on sensitivity to chloroquine, amodiaquine, piperaquine, and artesunate. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of CRISPR-Cas9 in P. cynomolgi, and the first reported integrative genetic manipulation of this species