A CRISPR and high-content imaging assay compliant with ACMG/AMP guidelines for clinical variant interpretation in ciliopathies

Authors:
Nazlamova L, Thomas NS, Cheung MK, Legebeke J, Lord J, Pengelly RJ, Tapper WJ, Wheway G.
In:
Source: Hum Genet
Publication Date: (2020)
Issue: :
Research Area:
Neurobiology
Platform:
4D-Nucleofector® X-Unit
Experiment

sgRNAs had the following modifications to increase stability: 2'-O-methyl analogs and 3' phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages at the first three 5' and 3' terminal RNA residues. RNPs were prepared in 1:6 (vol:vol) ratio (protein to modified RNA oligonucleotide) in P3 solution (supplemented) and incubated for 10 min at room temperature prior nucleofecting the cell suspension (100,000 cells/5 µl P3 reagent per reaction, Lonza protocol EA-104).

Abstract

Ciliopathies are a broad range of inherited developmental and degenerative diseases associated with structural or functional defects in motile or primary non-motile cilia. There are around 200 known ciliopathy disease genes and whilst genetic testing can provide an accurate diagnosis, 24-60% of ciliopathy patients who undergo genetic testing do not receive a genetic diagnosis. This is partly because following current guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and the Association for Molecular Pathology, it is difficult to provide a confident clinical diagnosis of disease caused by missense or non-coding variants, which account for more than one-third of cases of disease. Mutations in PRPF31 are the second most common cause of the degenerative retinal ciliopathy autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Here, we present a high-throughput high-content imaging assay providing quantitative measure of effect of missense variants in PRPF31 which meets the recently published criteria for a baseline standard in vitro test for clinical variant interpretation. This assay utilizes a new PRPF31+/- human retinal cell line generated using CRISPR gene editing to provide a stable cell line with significantly fewer cilia in which novel missense variants are expressed and characterised. We show that high-content imaging of cells expressing missense variants in a ciliopathy gene on a null background can allow characterisation of variants according to the cilia phenotype. We hope that this will be a useful tool for clinical characterisation of PRPF31 variants of uncertain significance, and can be extended to variant classification in other ciliopathies.