Failures in fracture healing are mainly caused by a lack of neovascularization. We previously reported that fracture healing may be supported by CD34+ cells, an endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor enriched cell population (1) via vasculogenesis and osteogenesis in a rat model of non-healing fracture (2). However, the scarcity of CD34+ cells is critical problem for clinical application. We previously demonstrate that local transplantation of GCSF-mobilized peripheral blood (GM-PB) CD34+ cells could contribute to fracture healing (3). But concerning clinical application, the biological risk of G-CSF may become a problem. To widen clinical application, we demonstrate whether the local transplantation of expanded bone marrow (BM) CD34+ cells has the therapeutic potential for fracture healing more effectively and with fewer original cell numbers. The effect of local transplantation of expanded BM CD34+ cells, BM CD34+ cells and GM-PB CD34+ cells on fracture healing were compared in this study.