Omenn syndrome (OS) is characterized by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) associated with erythrodermia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and alopecia. In OS patients, B-cells are mostly absent, T-cell counts are normal to elevated, and T-cells are frequently activated and express a restricted T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Thus far, inherited hypomorphic mutations of the recombination activating genes 1 and 2 (RAG1/2) have been described in OS. We report on a first patient with clinical and immunological features of OS caused by hypomorphic ARTEMIS mutations. The patient's T-cells expressed alpha/beta receptors with an oligoclonal repertoire but normal V(D)J recombination coding joints. Sequencing of the ARTEMIS gene revealed a compound heterozygosity in this non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) factor, explaining the enhanced radiosensitivity of the patient's primary dermal fibroblasts. The maternal allele contained a null mutation within the active center; while the expression of the paternal allele with a start codon (AUG to ACG) mutation partially restored V(D)J recombination and ARTEMIS function in vivo and in vitro.