Sustained activation of the tyrosine kinase Syk by antigen in mast cells requires local Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels

Authors:
Ng SW, Dicapite JL, Singaravelu K, Parekh AB
In:
Source: J Biol Chem
Publication Date: (2008)
Issue: epub: online
Research Area:
Immunotherapy / Hematology
Cells used in publication:
RBL-1
Species: rat
Tissue Origin:
Platform:
Nucleofector® I/II/2b
Abstract
Mast cell activation involves cross-linking of IgE receptors followed by phosphorylation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Syk. This results in activation of the plasma membrane-bound enzyme phospholipase C1, which hydrolyses the minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidyl inositol 4,5,bisphosphate to generate diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate. Inositol trisphosphate raises cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration by releasing Ca2+ from intracellular stores. This Ca2+ release phase is accompanied by sustained Ca2+ influx through store-operated CRAC channels. Here, we find that engagement of IgE receptors activates Syk, and this leads to Ca2+ release from stores followed by Ca2+ influx. The Ca2+ influx phase then sustains Syk activity. The Ca2+ influx pathway activated by these receptors was identified as the CRAC channel because pharmacological block of the channels with either a low concentration of Gd3+ or exposure to the novel CRAC channel blocker 3-fluoro-pyridine-4-carboxylic- acid (2',5'-dimethoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-amide or RNAi knockdown of Orai1, which encodes the CRAC channel pore, all prevented the increase in Syk activity triggered by Ca2+ entry. CRAC channels and Syk are spatially close together because increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ buffering with the fast Ca2+ chelator BAPTA failed to prevent activation of Syk by Ca2+ entry. Our results reveal a positive feedback step in mast cell activation where receptor-triggered Syk activation and subsequent Ca2+ release opens CRAC channels, and the ensuing local Ca2+ entry then maintains Syk activity. Ca2+ entry through CRAC channels therefore provides a means whereby the Ca2+ and tyrosine kinase signalling pathways can interact with one another.