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Do you have data about the in vivo implantation of hepatocytes transfected by Nucleofection? For how long could protein expression be detected?

There is a publication reporting on the successful reinjection of modified hepatocytes into mice.Chen et al. were able to monitor the expression over several days. This group worked with a preliminary test solution for mouse hepatocyte as the...

Are rat and mouse hepatocytes transfected by Nucleofection® still functional?

Yes, transfected mouse hepatocytes show albumin synthesis rates comparable to those of untransfected cells. Moreover the morphology and polarization of rat hepatocytes is not affected by Nucleofection®.

What are useful methods to enrich/purify specific hematopoetic cell populations before Nucleofection?

Specific blood cell populations can be enriched/purified for Nucleofection™ by MACS™ selection Kits (Miltenyi Biotec GmbH), RosetteSep™ Kits (StemCell Technologies Inc.) or Dynal™ beads (Invitrogen Corporation).

Generation of a stable cell line: A positive control plasmid works, but I cannot obtain stable clones with my construct of interest. What could be the reason?

One reason could be that your gene product is toxic to the cells. We recommend testing the construct for expression of the gene of interest by transient Nucleofection® of your cells. If the proportion of expressing cells drops between 4 and 48 hours...

How long does it take to obtain stable transfectants?

Depending on individual cell type and doubling rate, selection of stable transfectants will take between 7 and 28 days. Expansion and characterization of single cell clones will take several weeks in addition.

Do you recommend a purification method to purify specific blood/immune cell populations before Nucleofection®?

We recommend using negative selection (depletion) because your purified cells are "untouched", not influenced, and strictly not activated.Positive selection may cause increasing amounts of dead cells and could also lead to activation of the cells due...

DNA-purity and Nucleofection®: Can low A260:A280 ratios lead to both reduced transfection efficiency and cell viability?

Yes. To check the quality of your DNA we strongly recommend determining the A260:A280 ratio. It should be ideally 1.8 - 2.0 for a good DNA preparation, but least 1.6.

In stable cell line generation, I have a very high transfection efficiency, but most of my cells die during selection. Is this to be expected?

This is the normal pattern you should expect to see. Only a small proportion (1/10,000 to 1/100) of all transfected cells will integrate the transfected DNA into their genome and become stable transfectants. The remaining cells lose the transfected...

Can nicked DNA lead to reduced transfection efficiency in Nucleofection® experiments?

Yes. You should verify the integrity of your DNA on an agarose gel to see if it is degraded. Compare undigested plasmid to plasmid DNA digested with a suitable single cut restriction enzyme to linearize. Supercoiled plasmid will run faster than...

What selection markers can I use for the generation of stable cell lines?

The most commonly used marker is the neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) gene that confers resistance to G418 to eukaryotic cells. Other markers are Puromycin, Hygromycin, Zeocin, or the HPRT gene that can be used in HPRT-deficient cells.
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