The 9-1-1 DNA clamp is required for immunoglobulin gene conversion

Authors:
Saberi A, Nakahara M, Sale JE, Kikuchi K, Arakawa H, Buerstedde JM, Takeda S, Sonoda E
In:
Source: Mol Cell Biol
Publication Date: (2008)
Issue: 28(19): 6113-22
Research Area:
Cancer Research/Cell Biology
Immunotherapy / Hematology
Cells used in publication:
DT40
Species: chicken
Tissue Origin: blood
Platform:
Nucleofector® I/II/2b
Abstract
Chicken DT40 cells deficient in the 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp exhibit hypersensitivity to a variety of DNA-damaging agents. Although recent work suggests that, in addition to its role in checkpoint activation, this complex may play a role in homologous recombination and translesion synthesis, the cause of this hypersensitivity has not been thoroughly studied. The immunoglobulin locus of DT40 allows monitoring of homologous recombination and translesion synthesis initiated by AID-dependent abasic sites. We show that both RAD9(-/-) and RAD17(-/-) mutants exhibit substantially reduced immunoglobulin gene conversion. However, the level of non-templated immunoglobulin point mutation increased in these mutants, a finding that is reminiscent of the phenotype resulting from the loss of RAD51 paralogs or Brca2. This suggests that the 9-1-1 complex does not play a central role in translesion synthesis in this context. Despite reduced immunoglobulin gene conversion, RAD9(-/-) and RAD17(-/-) cells do not exhibit a prominent defect in double-strand break-induced gene conversion or a sensitivity to camptothecin. This suggests that the role of Rad9 and Rad17 may be confined to a subset of homologous recombination reactions initiated by replication-stalling lesions rather than those associated with double-strand break repair.