Transfection of the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus

Authors:
Fernandez-Robledo JA, Lin Z, Vasta GR
In:
Source: Mol Biochem Parasitol
Publication Date: (2008)
Issue: 157(1): 44-53
Cells used in publication:
Perkinsus marinus
Species: unicellular
Tissue Origin:
Experiment

Perkinsus marinus CB5D4 trophozoites (5e7 cells) in the log phase (OD600=1.66) were nucleofected with solution V and program D-023 with 5 ug of a mixture (50:50) of both supercoiled and Not1 linearized plasmids. Transfection efficiency was determined 24h post electroporation and viability 5 days after nucleofection. But fluorescence was already detected 14 h post-nucleofection and could last for 8 months. Stable clones were also generated.

Abstract

Ongoing efforts for sequencing the genome of the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, together with functional genomic initiatives, have continued to provide invaluable information about genes and metabolic pathways that not only will increase our understanding of its biology, but also have the potential to reveal useful targets for intervention. The lack of molecular tools for the functional characterization of genes of interest, however, has hindered progress in this regard. Here we report the development and validation of transfection methodology for this parasite. We first selected from our P. marinus EST collection a highly expressed gene, which we designated "MOE" (PmMOE), to which we fused at the C-terminus the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter gene (pPmMOE-GFP). The exogenous DNA was introduced into the trophozoite stage of the parasite by electroporation using the Nucleofector((R)) technology. The transfection efficiency was 37.8% with fluorescence detected as early as 14h after electroporation, with the transfectants still remaining fluorescent after 8 months even in the absence of drug selection. The 5' flanking region was essential for transcription; constructs with 100 and 204bp flanking the transcription start site also drove transcription effectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses was consistent with integration by non-homologous recombination. This transfection technique, the first one reported for a member of the Perkinsozoa, provides a new tool for studies of gene regulation and expression, protein targeting, and protein-protein interactions, and should significantly contribute to gain further insight into the biology of Perkinsus spp.